BRILLIANT TOOLS AND INVENTIONS THAT ARE ON A BRAND NEW LEVEL

1. MT doweling jig the first tool that we're going to talk about today was designed specifically for people who work with wood in furniture production there is something known as a dowel it is a fixing wooden element sometimes with a grooved surface which has an elongated cylindrical shape it is inserted into the holes made in wooden parts to connect them to each other the main difficulty during this process
is making the holes they must have the same depth the diameter and distance
between each other MT doweling jig from the American company woodpeckers is a specialized tool to make drilling holes easier and faster the metal part is attached to the wooden element to the side after that
all that's left is drilling through the template by the way despite the fact that there are only three holes the tool is also useful in situations where you need to drill a large number of holes in this case the template is simply slid to the side and then fixed to the already drilled hole with a special screw mt jolly dig is available for a hundred and fifty dollars.

2.
Dewalt dust extractors almost any work with a driller perforator involves a lot of dust the problem is that dust is harmful to humans impairs visibility and after the work is done you have to clean up the mess the tool you see on the screen is an effective solution to that problem offered by the American brand Dewalt it's specialists have developed avariety of products designed to minimize the amount of dust on the construction site the set of products is individually selected for each working tool we are now looking at a dust extraction system designed to work with large drills this is a construction vacuum cleaner with the capacity of almost 4 liters the dwv 0:12 model is suitable for both dry
and wet cleaning the cleaner works in conjunction with the DW h 0 v 0 k attachment it is a system for dust extraction as well as hole cleaning it comes with two drilling heads one is suitable for holes up to 2.5 centimeters in diameter the other one is suitable for holes up to 5 centimeters thanks to the rubber seal the head fits securely on any surface including vertical ones.

3.
Northstar soft wash system regular viewers of our channel already know what
a high pressure washer is what you see on the screen is a similar tool but alsoban alternative for an easier way to deal with dirt the Northstar soft wash system from the American brand Northern Tool and equipment is suitable for cleaning roofs walls roads concrete pavement fences and in general almost all surfaces on the street when compared tovhigh pressure washers the system stands out for not using high pressure but in this case it is more an advantage than a disadvantage because the operator during the work has to apply much less effort in addition the jet acts gently on the surfaces without damaging them another key difference is the liquid that is used for the cleaning Northstar soft
wash uses a special solution that combines bleach water and a special detergent this combination does not simply wash away mold the bacteria the solution literally kills them maintaining the
surface clean for much longer Northstar soft wash can also handle dust dirt allergens and any organic stains by the way the length of the jet reaches 9 meters thanks to this the operator is able to clean the roof without using a ladder

4.
DR walked behind leaf facts and here is
another interesting tool which will be useful not only for professional workers
but also for ordinary people who live in
houses with a yard removing leaves can
be a long and tedious task and buying a
garden vacuum like this from done right
solves the problem instantly and at the
same time saves a huge amount of time
there are several models of vacuums with
slightly different power and capacity all models are however quite compact in size
the equipment's width allows it to not get stuck in gates but thanks to the two rear wheels the vacuum cleaner is able to rotate around its axis this makes it quicker and easier to remove the leaves from under the trees inside the vacuum cleaner the leaves are shredded very carefully this reduces the volume they take up by almost 10 times and allows you to work longer beforebemptying the tank.

5.
Ecold KF 675 Magnum now let's talk about something that is used in professional production workshops here is the metalworking machine developed by specialists of the Swiss company Eccles
this machine is capable of bending profiles shaping sheet metal and producing various parts from scratch besides it can easily deal with repair works and in skilled hands it will be suitable even for fine adjustment works such equipment is in demand of factories that make parts for shipyards in
aviation working with the KF 675 Magnum
is very easy so specialists also choose it to restore vintage cars for example the wide range of tool bits allows you to use this equipment for all kinds of work and the fact that it runs quietly and doesn't make a mess only proves how technological and well-designed it is.

6.
pas pro pedal broom you may have already decided that all the efficient cleaning tools are very complex that's not always true for example pas Pro pedal is an electric broom with high performance and a fairly simple design the manufacturer decided to make the broom really powerful the result is a tool that can
sweep away even large heavy and complex
debris such as stones acorns nuts combs
and pine needles and seconds at the same
time there is no damage to the soil or grass itself the pas pro petal broom is
a development of the American company
echo an additional advantage is as large
working width of 55 centimeters interestingly it can also be used with a garden trimmer.

7.
Wacker noise and vibratory plates the last tool we will show you today brings us straight back to the construction
site you probably know that before you
start laying asphalt or finishing any other surface the workers have to carefully prepare the ground this includes leveling as well as compacting the surface in more complex terms it's binding the soil particles together as a result the terrain is more even which guarantees the longevity of the future coating vibratory plates are the right equipment to perform the described procedure the video shows a device developed by vaca moisten the company's products range includes a huge number of models for example there are diesel gasoline and electric grammars for
stroke and two-stroke models the first one stand out for the productivity and higher amplitude vibrations the working speed of the tools varies from seven to nine meters
per minute the number of blows per minute can reach 650.


If you like our articles please keep support us & flow with email for free .....  thank you

Read More

CAN EARTH'S HEAT SOLVE OUR ENERGY PROBLEMS...?

One of the biggest challenges facing mankind today is our quest for renewable energy. Overhauling our entire power grid requires drastic changes in the way we produce, transport, use and store electricity.  we are beginning to hit a point of imbalance in the grid. Where places like California are wasting huge amounts of energy in the summer months, when solar is at its peak and not producing enough in winter. California is now installing vast battery storage facilities in locations to deal with this problem
Like Moss Landing to store extra for later use, but the amount of battery storage
These will be required when our renewal percentage increases.
State billions, if not billions. We can significantly reduce this dependence on batteries, if we can find a good stable energy source that does not harm our planet. Some people want to turn to nuclear power, but what if I told you that the solution could be directly under our feet. Imagine an ancient, hidden energy source within every square meter of our planet's surface. It is clean, flexible, virtually limitless, completely renewable, never closed and almost carbon free. Geothermal energy, energy produced by the Earth
As heat, that solution can occur.
Geothermal energy is produced from the underlying heat of the Earth. The center of the Earth (on screen: 6500 km deep) is as hot as the surface of the Sun (6000 ° C). Through convection, that heat heats the outer layers of the planet. But where does this summer come from? Most of it comes from gravitational forces when the planet formed 4 billion years ago, some of the heat produced by friction as dense elements make their way to the Earth's core. The second source of the Earth's internal heat is in the upper mantle and crust, where radioactive isotopes such as potassium-40 decay, create energy, and in turn, heat. If we can extract costs safely and use cost effectively then heat will solve our energy problems over the years.
This heat comes to the surface in some easily accessible locations. At temperatures of 700 ° C or more, the rocks partially melt, forming magmas, which are a variety of geothermal phenomena. If magma flows hot gases or water underground it can form hot springs and geysers, underseat hot vents, and natural steam vents. These features can provide water above 200 ° C, which is sufficient to drive a steam turbine. Such geothermal hot spots are found near the boundaries of tectonic plates, such as Iceland,
Like America's Yellowstone National Park, in volcanically active areas, such as Turkey, or in some places where the Earth's crust is thin. These places provide less hanging fruit.
Harvesting the Earth's heat for our energy needs. There is enough heat flowing every year on the surface of the planet to meet twice the total global energy consumption

[1]. And the geothermal reservoir is limitless: the heat within 10 km of the Earth's surface contains about 50,000 times more energy than all the fossil fuel resources around the world.

[2].
Yet geothermal energy makes up less than 1% of global installed power capacity.
It is also not a technology issue of the global potential for the use of geothermal energy.
Off-the-shelf technology, only 7% tapped

[3] So in the fight to change our global energy system, why didn't we take this energy source seriously?
Let's first look at our less hanging fruits, which are not being used to their full potential.
Naturally occurring hydrothermal reservoirs feature hot water that passes through layers of porous or broken rock near the surface. It is the easiest form of geothermal energy to be harvested, and can be tapped in many ways, which we have been doing for centuries.
Human societies have used geothermal energy of low temperatures (150 ° C) for millennia. The best-known examples may be the hot springs of Bath, England, founded by Roman engineers in 60 CE. Here, 1 million liters of water is heated to the city center every day at a temperature of about 45 degrees, recreational bathing and heating
Heating some buildings. This warm water replenishes itself as rain that falls into the nearby hills deep underground through the porous limestone where it heats and rises back to the surface.

[4]
But such convenient locations where there is the right combination of the water cycle, underground with porous rocks and a heat source close enough to the surface to heat it, are rare, and they are enough heat to drive a steam turbine And can provide water with pressure. Are even more rare. This particular source is not suitable, because 45 degrees is the lowest temperature we can employ. There are three basic types of geothermal energy generators. All three share the same basic idea. Take hot water or steam from a geothermal reservoir
And drive it through a steam turbine where


[5] But they are relatively common in geologically active regions such as Icelandic, Italy, Austria and the Pacific Ring of Fire, and geothermal energy is common in these places and is expected to increase by 2 in% over the next 4 years, southeast. The countries of Asia are expected to see the largest growth with countries like Indonesia and the Philippines.

[6]
But we want to exploit geothermal energy outside these areas. We can not remove any power from it before the power loss due to resistance in the cables. The third type of generator provides the highest capacity for the expansion of geothermal energy because it can use minimum temperature sources. This system is called a binary cycle system. In a binary cycle power plant, hot water from a geothermal source passes through a heat exchanger where it exchanges heat with a closed boiling fluid with a low boiling point, such as a Pantene, at 36 degrees. Has a boiling point of The lower boiling point allows it to transition to the gas at a much lower temperature, allowing it to run the turbine at a lower temperature. This system has allowed countries like Germany

[[], Which lacks any shallow depth geothermal resources to develop their geothermal energy market in recent years with temperatures as low as 100 ° C. This figure is important, because the higher the temperature, the deeper we have to go.
Different regions have different geothermal gradients, which measure how quickly we raise the temperature. This map shows rough estimates of the geothermal gradient across America.

[8]
With the highest gradients found in Oregon and Idaho reaching 70 kilometers per kilometer. This is important, because using this heat in areas where it does not naturally surface in an accessible way, we need to drill down and thereafter we need to be more expensive. Typically we have only used geothermal resources where the natural permeability of the rock allows a convection heat cycle, but a new technique called Enhanced Geothermal System or EGS, opens the door to geothermal energy for more areas. Can.
This is how it works. The first step is to drill an injection well into the formation of hot rocks. Then the engineers injected fluid under pressure to create cracks or enlarge existing ones, this
Increases the area over which heat exchange with rocks can occur. To increase this area even more non-toxic and degradable material is pumped down to fill these cracks and allow new cracks to form to reduce pressure. Once we have opened a sufficient number of routes to fill the water we can drill additional holes that can act as an outlet for our hot water as we pump more underground.

[7] In 2006, an MIT report found that EGS can provide electricity at about 3.7 cents per kWh per hour of a coal-fired power plant. United States Government estimates

[10] That the new geothermal power plants could produce 40 gigawatts of electricity on US soil by 2050, mostly through the EGS system. Now I know what you are thinking, it sounds like a controversial practice, but it does not use toxic fracking fluid that can leak into our water cycle, it would have used water and some safe additives. Is, but it is not all plain sailing.

[1 1]
Creating this workway requires large amounts of fractures and cracks and can have some disastrous consequences.
In 2017, drilling at a proposed site for EGS in Pohang, South Korea

[12],

Have thought for
Has triggered a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in which 135 people have been injured. A previous incident occurred at an EGS plant in Basel, Switzerland in 2006, when drilling could have caused an intensity of 3.4, and damaged many buildings. Both projects were canceled as a result.
Red tape is a very large barrier to geothermal energy. In the United States, for example,
Drilling for oil requires less environmental paperwork and less approval than drilling of geological wells. The tax credit for wind and solar power projects is 30% while the tax credit for geothermal is only 10%.

[13]

On top of all this, drilling is very expensive and as we have seen there is no guarantee
Successful geothermal plant. You could spend months of your time digging a 2-kilometer hole in the ground and the productivity of the well could be greatly reduced to make the project worthwhile. This makes it difficult to prepare investors to place their money at stake. It simply makes more sense to invest in solar and wind. Despite the challenges, there is real hope for the expansion of geothermal energy. Industry
Recent improvements in drilling technology can form.

[14]

Engineers are developing new types of drills for geothermal wells, and improved techniques for cementing wells drilled in hot rocks. Earthquake risk is real, but engineers have protocols for monitoring with seismometers to ensure that seismic risk can be quickly assessed. In the case of a basal accident, the EGS facility was located on a seismic fault,
Due to the proximity of hot rocks to the surface. Once the tremors began, liquid injection was immediately stopped. So far, geothermal projects have not attracted strong political support in the West, but they have also not attracted major opposition, suggesting that easing the rules for technology may not be so challenging. As commercial interest in this clean energy source grows, political support for this should follow, especially if some smart politician realizes that it could be a rally call to get out of oil drilling technology to work .
Sometimes the struggle to change the global energy system for renewal can be out of reach and feel hopeless. But in terms of geothermal energy, there is an exciting source of electricity and heat that can power our future, and it is under our feet.

Read More

Why do wind turbines have three blades?

Why do wind turbines have three blades?

People have been using the power of wind for thousands of years, its oldest record can be seen 1000 years ago in Persia. But this machine has been developed With simple equipment, enough electricity is used to generate electricity in entire cities to crush the demons to crush grain and to pump water. Traditional wind turbines come in many shapes.

And design, but they all gave way to a fairly consistent 3 blade design. today we
Going to answer the question.

Why do wind turbines have 3 blades?

We can imagine each blade as tightening a nut. If we increase the length of the wrench

We can generate more torque. This is why force causes rotation. Similarly if we
Add another wrench we can apply even more force. The same principle applies to wind turbines. So naturally you might think, why not add as many blades and make them as long as possible. The largest wind turbine has a diameter of

164 meters. Each blade weighs 33 tons and each construction costs hundreds of thousands of dollars. Therefore, more blades equals more weight and more cost to manufacture. So maybe a lower blade is better? Let's compare our standard 3 blade design to our immediate competitors 2 blade turbine

And a 4 blade turbine. Let's say they have the same blade design for now.
We can easily finish the 4 blade design with a quick cost analysis. Each of them
Blades cost a lot of money. Adding a fourth blade gives this kind of marginal growth

Performance is down to 2 and 3 blades if it does not justify the extra cost. The 2 bladed design can match the performance of the 3 bladed design by increasing the blade wire by 50%, eliminating the cost advantage so that it becomes useless. Or we can increase its rotational speed by 22.5%. 2 bladed turbines will spin faster

In the same air, they experience drag because of the drag, but moving fast is a negative. Let's know why. A sharp spinning blade will produce more noise. People don't like to be next to these things, so we have to reduce the noise they make, by reducing their speed.

Next we need to worry about centrifugal forces. As the blades rotate rapidly, their apparent weight increases. Thus the central hub and blade need to be strengthened to resist additional stress, again this adds cost. This can happen when a turbine breaks down

Failing strong winds. So a 3 blade design can generate more power at a slower rotational speed than a two blade design, while being more cost efficient than the four blade option. So the 3 blade design is our Goldilocks choice. Not much no
Very small.

Read More

Why plane wings are backwards... .?

Why plane wings are  backwards..?

Today most aircraft have a swept wing
Design and it helps the aircraft to fly
Fast but it wasn't always like this
Let's look back in time and learn how
This technique was developed and what

We learned this process in 1941
Most aircraft were designed
Straight Wing and Lockheed P-38

The power was not directly isolated
Wing design works well at low speeds
But the p38 was not a slow aircraft and its
Engineers quickly discovered that
The aircraft had high control issues
Speed ​​Dives A on 5 November 1941

Lockheed test pilot named Ralph
Burton died when he lost control.
The aircraft underwent a major investigation, led by an engineer named John Stack, in which he employed a special type of photography, called the Scholarin

Photography to observe air flow in a
High speed wind tunnel and what is it

They saw the wind pass over the wing
Air on top of airfill

This increases in how the wing generates. This means that a wing traveling less than the speed of sound can actually develop regions of local flow that travel faster than the speed of sound Doing and shock waves arrive at these places.

Reduce lift and increase drag
The speed at which the shock waves
Called an important mach number to begin with and reached Ralph Verdun
Speed ​​during your high speed test dive
So why did the accident happen
The speed of their aircraft increased the flow of air from the surface of the wings even further, as this different flow, separated by a shock wave formation, actually increased lift on the tail wing and combined with reduced lift on this wing. Due to p38 one also entered. Deep dive which was many It was difficult to avoid John Stack. In 1943 this problem was solved by placing a special flap under the wing, where the flow was not affected by waves, it could be deployed during flap dives and to maintain proper pitch control of the wing. But will increase the lift. John continued his work in the development of supersonic flight over the next decade and was a major driving force for the development of the Bell-1.

The first human vehicle to brake was
Through sound barrier in 1947
The bell was an X-1 rocket propelled aircraft and
Its fuselage was built after 50
Caliber rounds that were known to be stationary in supersonic flight had its engineers a significantly thinner wing and P-38's pitch control issues by increasing air flow from the tail wing upward and downward to the aircraft's critical Mach number. Enhanced. Wing But this plane still had a straight wing, which the Swept Wing believed could hold the key to high-speed flights, which came at the end of World War II in 1951, with Balik V released and as The design was mostly based on a capture German

The Prototype X5 had the special ability to change its sweep angle during flight, making it the perfect test subject to examine the aerodynamic benefits of the swept wing, let's directly compare the aerodynamics of the

The wing bell x-1 and the balik's v as it increases its sweep angle air will flow parallel to the air cord on a straight wing only it is called a cord wise flow which accelerates the air and creates lift As stated earlier this is the acceleration that decreases. The critical Mach number of the plane now sees the flow at Bell x5 as it increases its sweep angle. Introduces new components that flow moves along the length of the wing and it does not
Fast and thus does not affect
By changing some important Mach numbers
Period-wise flow of airflow
The wind acceleration on the wire is reduced which means the game can fly.
Before the strong waves start forming
On the wing as the aircraft increased
Pilot can increase speed
Doing this changed a large amount of air into span-wise flow and thus increased the critical Mach number even further, proving that the swept wing design could delay the construction of shock waves and thereby Sort of allows planes to fly so fast next time 'fly again

Look out the window and admire
Early 20th century engineer
His designs have allowed us to travel
Worldwide transonic motion and
Hopefully soon regular citizens can break through the sound barrier

Read More

TOP 7 Future Fighter Jets

TOP 7 Future Fighter Jets

the race for creating the next
generation fighter jet has already begun
an air superiority will be rewarded to
cutting-edge technology and automation so let's take a look at some of the latest developments

7. F A XX-

beginning at number seven the
F a xx the United States Air Force and Navy have already begun preliminary planning for six generation fighters the F a xx is far from being developed but since it's a sixth generation it's probably going to incorporate cutting-edge stealth technology and super cruise ability it will likely carry energy directed

weapons as laser tech is only getting
smaller and even though this is very
much still in the drawing board the
fighter jet may also carry hypersonic
weapons and that's only a scramjet
technology can improve ultimately the fa XX will replace the aging f-18 Super
Hornet in the late 2020s so there should
be some pretty exciting developments
coming soon with this jet reaching.

6. DASSAULT FCAS-

Number six we look at the
DASSAULT  FCAS the next generation fighter will replace multiple combat aircraft from Europe and it's being developed by Dassault Aviation and Airbus defence a full model already exists and it depicts a sleek design with the intention of being fully stealth the aircraft will also be quite large with a 46 foot wingspan allowing it to incorporate two hefty weapon Bay's the weapons will include air-to-ground air-to-air and

even air to ship another notable feature
is that it will house an entirely new
engine not too much is known about this engine but there should be more news in the next couple of years reaching.

5.TEMP-

Number five and it's going to BE Released around the same time as the last jet and its The Tempest the UK has their own ideas outside of Europe's Next
generation fighter with their program
topping two billion dollars the tempest
will enter service around 2035 and replace the Eurofighter Typhoon now this jet

fighter was recently announced so not too much is known about it just yet but it will likely be able to fly unmanned and use swarming technology in order to control nearby drones once again it will likely carry energy directed weapons along with the latest missile technology.

4.LOYAL WINGMAN-

we get to number four and it's going to be more for global applications and it's the Boeing wind man joroan the wait man will accompany other craft flying a formation providing defensive capabilities now this new concept looks a little bit different from conventional UAVs and it will carry advanced electronic warfare systems for intelligence surveillance and

reconnaissance missions it is a
moderate sized drone at 38 feet long and it has a range of 3,600 kilometers now the weight man is being designed outside of the US for global customers with Australia being the front-runner at the program it will probably not be the most advanced drone in the next decade but it will certainly be a cost-effective infeasible UAV.

3. S-70 OKHOTINK-

we reached number three the s-70 inheriting the latest AI along with the ability to overcome human inhibited factors it is becoming quite apparent that unmanned aerial vehicles will play a huge part in air superiority maybe even taking it over entirely that is why many countries are leading to UAV
tech yes 70 is a part of this group and
it's been under development from Russia for over a decade now it only has a top speed of a thousand kilometers per hour so it's clearly not the fastest drone out there but it does have an adequate range of 6000k DUI v can carry up to 2,000 kilograms and will likely serve as a wingman to manned aircraft.

2. XQ-58 VALKYRIE-

we reach number two and is the XQ Valkyrie the cradle stone is a part of a wider Air Force effort to acquire fast stealthy armed drones that can fly alongside man fighters so once again it's intended to be used as a wait man drone alrighty enough prototype phase the craft will be capable of light strikes through guided munitions and carry over 200 kilograms of payload and to cruise up to Mach 0.8 which is pretty
typical for drones so it's a bit smaller
than your average UAV with a wingspan of 22 feet and he'll will be used in swarming attacks now the kratos is already in a prototype phase and it would be in operation in just a few years

1.DASSULT NEURON-

We look at one of the more developed UAVs that's probably gonna come out in just a fuse and it's the Dassault neuron with over 150 flights under its wing the neuron will be the next generation lethal stealth drone the neuron is a pan-european kilometer project and it will be capable of carrying around 2,000 kilograms of payload up to Mach 0.8 making it to be one of the deadliest UAV strikers as if our now they're still being tests being done on the aircraft in relation to detection localization and reconnaissance of ground targets in a ton of smoke but once completed the neuron will be one of the most advanced and developed UAVs from Europe now this is a really interesting topic to me because sometime in the future UAVs are probably going to take over all manned fighter aircraft and this means there's going to be more limited di systems making decisions on whether or not to strike targets and in

some cases actually harm humans which is pretty controversial and I know you guys heard me about talking about this before because I did say that limited di systems can be actually more detrimental and harmful than actual conscious AI systems which is something to think about so anyways let me know what you think about all  this.

once again thanks for visit our website please like the article if you enjoyed it and make sure to flow our website.

Read More

                             The Truth about Hydrogen 

As the world battles to eliminate fossil fuels from our energy diet, electric cars
The last few years have seen an incredible boom.
Last year, more than one million electric cars were sold worldwide.
Nissan Leafs, Tesla and other electric vehicles now number more than three million worldwide.
And while there are many brands of electric cars to choose from, there are only two options for powering electric vehicles: fuel cell or battery.
Both produce electricity to drive electric motors, eliminating the pollution and inefficiencies of fossil fuel powered internal combustion engines.
Both hydrogen and electricity for batteries can be produced from low or zero carbon sources, including renewable energy such as solar and wind, and are therefore both pursued by car manufacturers and researchers as a potential future for electric vehicles. Used to be.
However, a great debate is being waged by supporters of each technology.
Elon Musk called the hydrogen fuel cell technology "incredibly dumb", claiming they are more of a marketing ploy for vehicle manufacturers than a long-term solution.
Conversely, Japan has announced its intention to become the world's first hydrogen society, together with the Government of Japan and the auto industry, to introduce 160 hydrogen stations and 40,000 fuel cell vehicles by March 2021.
So which is really better?
At first glance, hydrogen seems a very clever way to power a car.
Compressed hydrogen has a specific energy (aka energy per unit mass) of about 40,000 watt-hours per kilogram.
The best lithium-ion batteries only have a specific energy of 278 W / kg, but are mostly around 167 W / kg.
This is 236 times the energy per kg for hydrogen.
And due to its energy density and lightweight nature, compressed hydrogen and fuel cells can power cars for extended range without adding much weight, as we saw in our last video to include technology in the aviation industry as a There is a huge road block.
Designers of electric vehicles are caught in a catch 22 with energy density and range.
Each additional kilogram of weight to increase the range requires additional structural weight, heavier brakes, a higher torque motor, and more batteries to be carried around this extra mass, reducing this weight. Limits how a battery-powered vehicle can travel up to new technology. May help reduce battery weight.
For hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, this weight compounding is not an issue.
Additionally, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle can be re-fueled within 5 minutes, where battery-powered electric vehicles, such as the Tesla Model S, take more than 3 hours to fully recharge.
When looking at the range and refueling time hydrogen can be offered, you can see why some car manufacturers are investing in this technology.
On its face.
Hydrogen is a clear winner, but it lags behind when we begin to consider the end-to-end production process.
While batteries and hydrogen fuel cells are both forms of power storage, costs vary greatly.
Charging the Tesla Model 3 with a fully 75 kilowatt-hour battery costs between $ 10-12 depending on where you live.
With a range of 500 kilometers, it is between 2 and 2.4 percent per kilometer.
A great price.
Befor 4day , I visited a petrol station that introduced a hydrogen pump, fed by its own on-site production facility.
Which used off-peak electricity to produce hydrogen.
Hydrogen from this station cost $ 85 to fill a 5 kg tank of Toyota Miris, which had a range of 480 kilometers.
It is 17.7 percent per kilometer, 8 times the price.
And the problem here is, more energy is needed to produce hydrogen.
Dig deeper into the production process to understand the economic feasibility of hydrogen.
Before any hydrogen vehicle can hit the road, you must first produce hydrogen, but hydrogen is not a readily available energy source.
Even though hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, it is usually stored in water, hydrocarbons, such as methane, and other organic materials.
One challenge of using hydrogen as an energy storage mechanism comes from being able to efficiently extract it from these compounds.
In the US, the majority of hydrogen is produced through a process known as steam reforming.
Steam reforming is the process of combining high temperature steam with natural gas to extract hydrogen.
While steam reforming is the most common method of producing industrial hydrogen, it requires a good deal of heat and is wildly inefficient.
Hydrogen produced by steam reforming actually has less energy than natural gas that began with steam reforming.
While hydrogen fuel cells themselves do not cause pollution, it does.
So if we want to capture the future scenario with as little carbon emissions as possible.
Another method of producing hydrogen is electrolysis - separating hydrogen from water using an electric current.
While the power required for this process can be provided from renewable sources, it also requires more energy input than steam reforming.
When you do electrolysis, you lose 30% of the original energy from the renewable.
So we are sitting at 70% energy efficiency from hydrogen fuel cells. If conventional electrolysis is used, the car starts its engine before it.
A more efficient method of producing hydrogen is polymer exchange membrane electrolysis.
Using this method, the energy efficiency can reach 80%, with the added benefit of being produced on site, which we will get in a moment.
But it is still a 20% loss of energy from renewable energy.
Some experts say that the efficiency of PEM electrolysis is expected to reach 82–86% before 2030, which is a great improvement, but the battery charging efficiency at 99% is still well lacking. [1] A 19% difference in production costs does not explain the difference in costs, so we are losing energy.
The next hurdle in getting a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle on the road is the transport and storage of pure hydrogen.
If we assume that hydrogen is generated at the site, as if it were for this petrol station, we eliminate an energy sink, but the cost of storage is simply problematic.
Hydrogen is an extremely low density as a gas and liquid, and so to obtain sufficient energy density, we have to increase its actual density.
We can do this in two ways.
We can compress hydrogen at 790 times atmospheric pressure, but it takes energy, about 13% of the total energy content of hydrogen.
Alternatively we can convert hydrogen into liquid, cryogenically.
The advantage of hydrogen liquefaction is that a cryogenic hydrogen tank is much lighter than a tank that can hold pressurized hydrogen.
But again, the physical properties of hydrogen mean that hydrogen is harder to liquefy than either. Gases other than helium.
Hydrogen is reduced to 40% by lowering its temperature with an efficiency loss of 40%, once you factor in the extra weight of the refrigerator and the refrigeration itself.
Therefore pressure at 13% energy loss is a better option.
Once hydrogen is produced and compressed with liquid or gas, a viable hydrogen infrastructure requires that hydrogen be transported from where it can be transported to the end-use point, such as That vehicle refueling station.
Where hydrogen is produced, it can have a large impact on cost and the best method of distribution.
For example, a large, centrally located hydrogen production facility can produce hydrogen at a lower cost because it is producing more, but it costs more to deliver hydrogen because the point of use is farther away.
In comparison, distributed production facilities produce hydrogen on site, so delivery costs are relatively low, but the cost of producing hydrogen is likely to be higher because the volume of production is lower.
While some small-scale, on-site hydrogen production facilities are being installed on refueling pumps, 
Until this infrastructure is broadened, we have to assume that most of the hydrogen is being transported by truck or pipeline, where we know energy losses can range from 10% to 40%. In comparison, assuming that the electricity we use. To charge the battery as a whole comes from renewable resources (such as solar or wind), we just have to consider the loss of transmission in the grid.
The United States grid is used as a reference for typical grid losses, with the average loss being only 5%.
Therefore in the best case for hydrogen, using the most efficient means of production and transport, we lose 20% of the energy during PEM electrolysis, and a loss of about 13%, 33% for compression and storage.
In other systems, it may be 56%.
For battery power, up to this point, we have lost only 6% for grid and recharging. Bringing our best case efficiency to 27% and our worst case to 50%.
The next stage of powering electric vehicles is what is called tank to wheel conversion efficiency.
For hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, once the hydrogen is in the tank, it will have to be converted back to electricity again.
This is done through a fuel cell, which essentially acts like a PEM electrolyzer, but in reverse.
In a PEM fuel cell, hydrogen gas flows through the anode into channels, where a catalyst causes the hydrogen molecules to separate into protons and electrons. Once again the membrane only allows protons to pass through it, while electrons flow through an external circuit to the cathode. This flow of electrons is the electricity used to drive electric motors to vehicles.

If the fuel cell is powered with pure hydrogen, it has the potential to be up to about 60% efficient, with most of the waste energy lost to heat.
Like hydrogen fuel cells, batteries also come with inefficiencies and energy losses.
The grid provides AC current while the battery stores the charge in DC.
So to convert AC to DC we need a charger.
Its peak charger efficiency is around 92%, using the Tesla Model S as an example. The Tesla Model S runs on AC motors; Therefore, to convert AC current to DC battery into AC current, an inverter must be used with an efficiency of about 90%. Additionally, lithium-ion batteries may lose energy due to leakage.
A good estimate of the charging efficiency of lithium ion batteries is 90%.
All these factors achieved an efficiency of around 75% overall. However, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles also have some of these similar inefficiencies.
DC current is required for any type of electrolysis, and therefore a rectifier will be needed to convert the AC current from grid to DC.
The conversion efficiency here is 92%.
We have to convert the DC current produced by the fuel cell to AC to power the motor through the inverter with an efficiency of 90%. Finally, the efficiency of the motor must be considered for both fuel cell and battery-powered vehicles.
Currently, this is around 90–95% for both of them, which is surprising when you consider that the efficiency of an internal combustion engine running on petrol is only around 20–30%. If we combine all these inefficiencies and compare current generation batteries, then the best and worst case of current gen hydrogen.
We can see how they measure up.
Even with the BEST case scenario.
Considering no transport due to onsite production, and assuming very high electrolysis efficiency of 80%, and high fuel cell efficiency of 80%, hydrogen still emits less than half the efficiency.
Worst case is worse than this.
So while you can go ahead with a fill-up of hydrogen in your fuel cell vehicle over a battery-powered electric vehicle, the cost required to deliver that is because of the astronomical form of charging the battery. Energy loss and capabilities will exceed.
Based on our worst case scenario, we would expect the cost per kilometer for hydrogen to be about 3.5 times higher, but as we saw earlier it is 8 times the actual price.
Additional costs of production unrelated to capacity are clearly in play.
The cost of construction of the facility is one and the profit the station will benefit from the sale is another.
For now, these inefficiencies and costs are driving the market, where most of the investment and research is going into battery-powered electric vehicles.

So which win?
The same renewable resources are used to power them, assuming both are equally green compared to internal combustion engines.
Fuel cells allow time and long range for rapid filling; A big advantage.
But battery-powered vehicles can hold in range as long as there are enough hydrogen stations to make fuel cell vehicles viable.
While fuel cells are efficient relative to combustion engines, they are not as efficient as batteries.
They may make more sense for operations disconnected from the grid.
The use of hydrogen for planes can actually mean a lot, but once again there is a topic for another article.
For now, battery-powered electric vehicles seem to be the sensible choice going forward in the quest for pollution-free consumer transportation.
As battery-powered cars become more common, we also begin to see self-driving cars as the norm.




If you like our articles please keep support us. Do subscribe & flow us.

Read More

Internet of Things (IoT) | What is IoT | How it Works | IoT Explained

Internet of Things (IoT) | What is IoT | How it Works | IoT Explained..

Internet of things or IoT is affecting our lifestyle
We react the way we behave. With air conditioners that you can control from your smartphone to the shortest route or smart cars providing your smart watch, which are monitoring your daily activities.

IoT is a vast network with connected devices. These tools collect and use data and share about the environment in which they operate.

All this is done using sensors, sensors are embedded in every physical device.
It can be your mobile phone, electrical equipment, Pecos barcode sensor traffic lights and almost everything that comes in your day to day life. These sensors continuously emit data about the working status of the devices,
But the important question is
How they share this huge amount of data,

And how we put this data to our advantage iot provides all these devices a common platform to dump their data.

And a common language for all devices to communicate with each other. The data is emitted from various sensors and sent to the IoT Platform Security. The IoT platform integrates data collected from various sources. More analytics is done on the data and valuable information is extracted as needed. The end result is shared with other tools for better user experience automation. Capacity improvement.

Let us look at a scenario where IoT is working wonders.

In an AC manufacturing industry both the manufacturing machine and the belt have sensors that continuously send data about the health of the machine, and manufacturers specify production to identify issues in advance.

A barcode is associated with each product before leaving the belt.

This includes product codes, manufacturer details, special instructions, etc.

The manufacturer uses this data to identify where the product was delivered and tracks the retailer's inventory. Therefore, the manufacturer can make the product available to run out of stock.
This product is then packaged and parceled to various retailers.

Each retailer has a barcode reader to track products coming from different manufacturers, manage inventory, check special instructions, and many more. The compressor of an air conditioner has an embedded sensor that emits data about its health and temperature.
It is not a data aide that allows customer care to contact you for timely repair work.
This is only one of a million scenarios.

We have smart appliances, smart cars, smart homes, smart cities, where iot is redefining our lifestyle and changing the way we interact with technologies.
The future of the iot industry is huge.

Business Insider Intelligence estimates that 28 billion IoT devices will be installed by 2020, and ITC estimates that IoT revenue will reach approximately three hundred seventy-five billion in 2019, resulting in a lot of employment opportunities.

Thanks again for visit our website 

If you like our articles please keep support us write a comment. 

Subscribe us make sure flow us.

Read More