HOW MANGALYAAN ENTERS MARS ORBIT ON FIRST ATTEMPT ISRO....
left the Earth's orbit on December 1st
2013 when it reaches the Red Planet on
September 24th next year it would have
covered a distance of 780 million
kilometers in ten months but here is an
intriguing question on
November 5th and kept orbiting the earth for 25 days before setting off for Mars why after all NASA's maven mission which took off 15 days after Mongolian went straight to Mars
this is how it worked on November 5th
the PSLV put mongolian in a low
elliptical orbit with the minimum distance from the earth of about 240
kilometers and a maximum distance of 24 thousand kilometers technically the
minimum distance is called the perigee
and the maximum the apogee when the
satellite is placed in orbit it does not
require additional fuel or energy it
keeps on moving much like the earth
moves around the Sun but at what speed
does the satellite move well this is
determined by two things distance from
the earth and the shape of the orbit the
closer the satellite is to earth the
faster its speed as the gravitational
pull is higher as far as the shape of
the orbit is concerned the more
elliptical the orbit the higher is the
speed of the satellite
now let's see how is ro used two
principals to increase the speed of the
satellite according to the first
principle when the satellite is at the
perigee its speed is at its highest so
if you give the satellite a little push
when it is there you can make it move a
long distance when the satellite is at
its perigee the mission controller in
Bangalore often fire the motor on board
to push a satellite into a higher more
elongated orbit thus increasing the
speed of the satellite significantly
between November 5th and November 16th I
ISRO
made five orbit raising manoeuvres
increasing the apogee to one lakh
ninety-three thousand kilometres which
is eight times the height at which the satellite was first placed this pushed
the speed of the satellite to nearly 11
kilometers per second which is close to
the escape velocity so all that the Mission Control any do
on December first was to burn the motor one more time and push the satellite out
of the earth sphere of gravity into the
Sun's gravitational influence since the
earth is orbiting around the Sun at a
speed of 1 lakh kilometers per our
Mongolian exited the Earth's sphere of
influence with the same speed plus the
original push given by the motor the new orbit around the Sun that Mongolian will follow is called the transfer orbit or
the han men orbit at some point this
orbit will intersect with the orbit of
Mars the timing of the mission has been carefully planned to ensure that when mangalyaan reaches the point of
intersection Mars itself will be there
to meet it the satellite will then fire
its onboard motor but this time in reverse direction to slow down its speed
so that Mars can take mangalyaan
into its own gravitational sphere of
influence mangalyaan will then start
orbiting mars for about a year so if
anybody ever asks you why is it that
traveling to Mars takes only as much
fuel as traveling to the moon does even though Mars is about a hundred time
more distant than the moon you know the answer most of the fuel we need is just to launch the satellite the rest of the journey is mostly courtesy of gravity if
only we could travel with such ease down here on earth.
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