February 11, 2020
How does touchscreen work.. ?
>There are three technologies in a touchscreen display.These technologies are combined on top of each other.
When you first realized and used a smartphone, all you knew was that you are achieving something revolutionary - unlike all previous phones.
These… were not new technologies.
Many devices used a tactile interface, and color display was already a standard for most phones.
Even toughened glass was discovered in the 1800s.
But the innovative element was connecting them radically.
One layer on top of one like magic.
Okay, so let's get into the layers of a touchscreen display.
At the top, we have protective glass. Many of us have had a screen chatter, but think of how many times you have dropped it and it has not happened.
This is because the glass of the smartphone is 5 times stronger than normal glass.
And, before the first iPhone was shown in 2007, cellphone was standard plastic for the screen and although the plastic was not broken, it is very easily scratched.
If the screen was covered in plastic, it would not last near your pocket for a week, before dozens of scratches.
So, what makes glass so strong?
The smartphone's glass is an aluminosilicate glass that is hardened by soaking in a bath of molten potassium nitrate.
This causes the sodium atoms in the glass to go out, and too many potassium atoms take their place.
Because potassium atoms are very large, they generate sufficient compressive force on the glass surface. Here's a quick analogy: Imagine filling the backseat of a car with 3 average-sized people.
They fit well but if you push them, they are still able to move.
Now replace those 3 guys with 3 football linebackers. Those linebacks are simply stuck and unable to exit.
Those seats would have to take more force to get out of their line.
This is the basic concept behind making hard glass special,
The atoms are compressed so that it takes more force to break the glass.
Underneath the hardened glass is an approximate capacitive touchscreen, which senses the presence and location of conductive materials such as the tip of your finger.
This touchscreen is made of two transparent diamond grid patterns printed on polyester with a clear insulator clearly in the middle.
The diamond grid pattern is printed with a transparent, material called indium tin oxide or ITO that acts as a conductor.
Let's see how this works.
We form a group of electrons on this blue diamond, however, because there is an insulator on the way, electrons cannot be moved.
The electrons generate a negative electric field which forms a group of positive charges to form on the yellow diamond. This is called a capacitor.
Now, when we move a conductive material like the tip of your finger close to this capacitor, it disrupts the electric field which changes the amount of positive charge that is formed on the yellow diamond.
The change in positive charges caused by this disruption on the yellow diamond is measured, and the processor registers it as a touch.
The location of the touch is detected by scanning the charge or voltage along the blue diamond rows, while actively measuring each yellow diamond column.
Note that each row of the blue diamond is connected together, as well as each column of the yellow diamond.
This setup creates a grid of blue columns and yellow rows.
Just to clarify again, all these components are made with transparent material.
Measuring each point requires a lot of circuitry, so we only measure each column.
Charge or voltage is sent to each line in quick order, so the processor can register multiple touch at once which is a display that uses LCD or OLED technology.
While both LCD and OLED displays produce high quality images, in this episode we are going to focus on OLED technology as it is standard in most new smartphones.
OLED stands for organic light-emitting diode.
This high-resolution OLED display produces the high-quality images we see on our smartphones.
This is a crazy complex grid! The current 2018 high-end phone can have 3.3 million pixels.
This means that there are 10 million microscopic individually controlled red-colored green and blue lights in the palm of your hand.
Take for a moment to think about engineering level control and design alone that many subtle lights! The OLED display is made up of a huge grid of individual pixels and each pixel is made up of a red, green, and blue subtype.
The light intensity of each subpixel is controlled by a small thin film transistor that acts as a dimer switch.
Each sub pixel has several layered structures, although explaining the function of each layer will have to be saved for future episodes.
Photons are produced in the subpixel by electrons that operate from the negative to the positive terminal.
When they pass through this middle layer, it is called the emitting layer, then photons are emitted through the release of energy.
The compounds used to make the emitting layer determine the color of the emitted light, and the intensity of this light depends on how many electrons pass through.
This explanation is very simple, but the research, engineering and science behind OLEDs is widespread.
In fact the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to 3 researchers for the discovery of efficient blue light-emitting diodes! So, let's look briefly: Below is an OLED display, made up of 10 million Itty Bitty colored small lights.
At the top of it is a transparent projected capacitive touchscreen that can touch one or several fingers at once.
And on top of that the glass is strong which protects your screen from scratches and most falls.
Now you are also a touchscreen tu expert!
If you have any questions, post them in the comments below.
Subscribe to your friends or family about something you learned, and tell.
This episode details the structure of the touchscreen display.
This link has branches: multitouch design, electric fields, capacitors OLED and their control, LCD, why are materials transparent? And interface aesthetics.
Thanks again for visit our website
If you like our articles please keep support us write a comment.
Subscribe us make sure flow us.
>There are three technologies in a touchscreen display.These technologies are combined on top of each other.
When you first realized and used a smartphone, all you knew was that you are achieving something revolutionary - unlike all previous phones.
These… were not new technologies.
Many devices used a tactile interface, and color display was already a standard for most phones.
Even toughened glass was discovered in the 1800s.
But the innovative element was connecting them radically.
One layer on top of one like magic.
Okay, so let's get into the layers of a touchscreen display.
At the top, we have protective glass. Many of us have had a screen chatter, but think of how many times you have dropped it and it has not happened.
This is because the glass of the smartphone is 5 times stronger than normal glass.
And, before the first iPhone was shown in 2007, cellphone was standard plastic for the screen and although the plastic was not broken, it is very easily scratched.
If the screen was covered in plastic, it would not last near your pocket for a week, before dozens of scratches.
So, what makes glass so strong?
The smartphone's glass is an aluminosilicate glass that is hardened by soaking in a bath of molten potassium nitrate.
This causes the sodium atoms in the glass to go out, and too many potassium atoms take their place.
Because potassium atoms are very large, they generate sufficient compressive force on the glass surface. Here's a quick analogy: Imagine filling the backseat of a car with 3 average-sized people.
They fit well but if you push them, they are still able to move.
Now replace those 3 guys with 3 football linebackers. Those linebacks are simply stuck and unable to exit.
Those seats would have to take more force to get out of their line.
This is the basic concept behind making hard glass special,
The atoms are compressed so that it takes more force to break the glass.
Underneath the hardened glass is an approximate capacitive touchscreen, which senses the presence and location of conductive materials such as the tip of your finger.
This touchscreen is made of two transparent diamond grid patterns printed on polyester with a clear insulator clearly in the middle.
The diamond grid pattern is printed with a transparent, material called indium tin oxide or ITO that acts as a conductor.
Let's see how this works.
We form a group of electrons on this blue diamond, however, because there is an insulator on the way, electrons cannot be moved.
The electrons generate a negative electric field which forms a group of positive charges to form on the yellow diamond. This is called a capacitor.
Now, when we move a conductive material like the tip of your finger close to this capacitor, it disrupts the electric field which changes the amount of positive charge that is formed on the yellow diamond.
The change in positive charges caused by this disruption on the yellow diamond is measured, and the processor registers it as a touch.
The location of the touch is detected by scanning the charge or voltage along the blue diamond rows, while actively measuring each yellow diamond column.
Note that each row of the blue diamond is connected together, as well as each column of the yellow diamond.
This setup creates a grid of blue columns and yellow rows.
Just to clarify again, all these components are made with transparent material.
Measuring each point requires a lot of circuitry, so we only measure each column.
Charge or voltage is sent to each line in quick order, so the processor can register multiple touch at once which is a display that uses LCD or OLED technology.
While both LCD and OLED displays produce high quality images, in this episode we are going to focus on OLED technology as it is standard in most new smartphones.
OLED stands for organic light-emitting diode.
This high-resolution OLED display produces the high-quality images we see on our smartphones.
This is a crazy complex grid! The current 2018 high-end phone can have 3.3 million pixels.
This means that there are 10 million microscopic individually controlled red-colored green and blue lights in the palm of your hand.
Take for a moment to think about engineering level control and design alone that many subtle lights! The OLED display is made up of a huge grid of individual pixels and each pixel is made up of a red, green, and blue subtype.
The light intensity of each subpixel is controlled by a small thin film transistor that acts as a dimer switch.
Each sub pixel has several layered structures, although explaining the function of each layer will have to be saved for future episodes.
Photons are produced in the subpixel by electrons that operate from the negative to the positive terminal.
When they pass through this middle layer, it is called the emitting layer, then photons are emitted through the release of energy.
The compounds used to make the emitting layer determine the color of the emitted light, and the intensity of this light depends on how many electrons pass through.
This explanation is very simple, but the research, engineering and science behind OLEDs is widespread.
In fact the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to 3 researchers for the discovery of efficient blue light-emitting diodes! So, let's look briefly: Below is an OLED display, made up of 10 million Itty Bitty colored small lights.
At the top of it is a transparent projected capacitive touchscreen that can touch one or several fingers at once.
And on top of that the glass is strong which protects your screen from scratches and most falls.
Now you are also a touchscreen tu expert!
If you have any questions, post them in the comments below.
Subscribe to your friends or family about something you learned, and tell.
This episode details the structure of the touchscreen display.
This link has branches: multitouch design, electric fields, capacitors OLED and their control, LCD, why are materials transparent? And interface aesthetics.
Thanks again for visit our website
If you like our articles please keep support us write a comment.
Subscribe us make sure flow us.
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